Databases pretty much hold all information about objects (often called entities in the DB world) and their relationships between one another. For instance, your game may have the user account. The user would be an entity. You would keep track of their username, password, email etc. This user may have several game characters. A character in a game would be another entity. They could have things like hitpoints, gold, wood, stone, magic points, battles fought, battles won, battles lost etc.
The database will also hold relationship data. Tables that describe that user account 2 links to characters 4, 5, and 6 in the characters table. Such a relationship is said to be a "one to many" relationship. One user entity has several character entities. In this example user 2 has three characters in the game.
Any piece of solid "data" is in a database. Now information on the other hand is not typically in a database. Information is gathered by comparing and aggregating pieces of data. Remember how I said they had battles fought, battles won and battles lost? Well your code will use those three pieces of DATA to determine that on 10 battles fought and 3 battles won that they have a success rate of 30% ((3 / 10) * 100). Anything that can be calculated on the fly based on other data typically has no business being in a database.
Database tables typically contain things like user accounts, character attributes, settings, statistical data (not info that is calculated), counters, logging, maybe errors or bugs in the game and when they were made etc.
If is an object in your game and needs to persist across time (between logins etc) then you will find it typically in a database.
If you have MS access you will have a database sample called "Northwind" in a file called "Northwind.mdb". This is a sample database that shows you some types of information you may have in a typical relational database.
If you need a copy I believe you can download it from the following link...
MS Access 2000 Northwind Database SampleNow while this is MS access and not MySQL the relationships and tables they form are very similar. The idea of relational database design is universal. So check it out and hopefully that will help.
You can also read MySQL books from the bookstore and they will tell you more. Good luck!